DOS Command Index
APPEND (External)
APPEND ;
APPEND [d:]path[;][d:]path[...]
APPEND [/X:on|off][/path:on|off] [/E]
Displays or sets the search path for data files. DOS will search the specified path(s) if the file is not found in the current path.
ASSIGN (External)
ASSIGN x=y [...] /sta
Redirects disk drive requests to a different drive.
ATTRIB (External)
ATTRIB [d:][path]filename [/S]
ATTRIB [+R|-R] [+A|-A] [+S|-S] [+H|-H] [d:][path]filename [/S]
Sets or displays the read-only, archive, system, and hidden attributes of a file or directory.
BACKUP (External)
BACKUP d:[path][filename] d:[/S][/M][/A][/F:(size)] [/P][/D:date] [/T:time] [/L:[path]filename]
Makes a backup copy of one or more files. (In DOS Version 6, this program is stored on the DOS supplemental disk.)
BUFFERS (Internal)
BUFFERS=(number),(read-ahead number)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the number of disk buffers (number) that will be available for use during data input. Also used to set a value for the number of sectors to be read in advance (read-ahead) during data input operations.
CHDIR (Internal)
CHDIR (CD) [d:]path
CHDIR (CD)[..]
Displays working (current) directory and/or changes to a different directory.
CHKDSK (External)
CHKDSK [d:][path][filename] [/F][/V]
Checks a disk and provides a file and memory status report.
CLS (Clear Screen) (Internal)
CLS
Clears (erases) the screen.
COPY (Internal)
COPY [/Y|-Y] [/A][/B] [d:][path]filename [/A][/B] [d:][path][filename] [/V]
or
COPY [/Y|-Y][/A][/B] [d:][path]filename+[d:][path]filename[...][d:][path][filename] [/V]
Copies and appends files.
DATE (Internal)
DATE mm-dd-yy
Displays and/or sets the system date.
DEBUG (External)
DEBUG [pathname] [parameters]
An MS-DOS utility used to test and edit programs.
DEL (ERASE) (Internal)
DEL (ERASE) [d:][path]filename [/P]
Deletes (erases) files from disk.
DELTREE (External)
DELTREE [/Y] [d:]path [d:]path[...]
Deletes (erases) a directory including all files and subdirectories that are in it.
DEVICE (Internal)
DEVICE=(driver name)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to tell DOS which device driver to load.
DIR (Internal)
DIR [d:][path][filename] [/A:(attributes)] [/O:(order)] [/B][/C][/CH][/L][/S][/P][/W]
Displays directory of files and directories stored on disk.
DISKCOMP (External)
DISKCOMP [d:] [d:][/1][/8]
Compares the contents of two diskettes.
DISKCOPY (External)
DISKCOPY [d:] [d:][/1][/V][/M]
Makes an exact copy of a diskette.
DOSKEY (External)
DOSKEY [reinstall] [/bufsize=size][/macros][/history][/insert|/overstrike] [macroname=[text]]
Loads the Doskey program into memory which can be used to recall DOS commands so that you can edit them.
EDIT (External)
EDIT [d:][path]filename [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Starts the MS-DOS editor, a text editor used to create and edit ASCII text files.
EXIT(Internal)
EXIT
Exits a secondary command processor.
FASTHELP (External)
FASTHELP [command][command] /?
Displays a list of DOS commands with a brief explanation of each.
FC (External)
FC [/A][/C][/L][/Lb n][/N][/T][/W][number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
or (for binary comparisons)
FC [/B][/number] [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename
Displays the differences between two files or sets of files.
FDISK (External)
FDISK [/status]
Prepares a fixed disk to accept DOS files for storage.
FILES (Internal)
FILES=(number)
Used in the CONFIG.Sys file to specify the maximum number of files that can be open at the same time.
FIND (External)
FIND [/V][/C][/I][/N] ÒstringÓ [d:][path]filename[...]
Finds and reports the location of a specific string of text characters in one or more files.
FORMAT (External)
FORMAT d:[/1][/4][/8][/F:(size)] [/N:(sectors)] [/T:(tracks)][/B|/S][/C][/V:(label)] [/Q][/U][/V]
Formats a disk to accept DOS files.
GOTO (Internal)
GOTO (label)
Causes unconditional branch to the specified label.
HELP (External)
HELP [command] [/B][/G][/H][/NOHI]
Displays information about a DOS command.
JOIN (External)
JOIN d: [d:path]
JOIN d: [/D]
Allows access to the directory structure and files of a drive through a directory on a different drive.
LABEL (External)
LABEL [d:][volume label] Creates or changes or deletes a volume label for a disk.
LASTDRIVE (Internal)
LASTDRIVE=(drive letter)
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the maximum number of drives that can be accessed.
MEM (External)
MEM [/program|/debug|/classify|/free|/module(name)] [/page]
Displays amount of installed and available memory, including extended, expanded, and upper memory.
MENUCOLOR (Internal)
MENUCOLOR=textcolor,[background]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to set the colors that will be used by DOS to display text on the screen.
MKDIR(MD) (Internal)
MKDIR (MD) [d:]path
Creates a new subdirectory.
MODE (External)
MODE n
MODE LPT#[:][n][,][m][,][P][retry]
MODE [n],m[,T]
MODE (displaytype,linetotal)
MODE COMn[:]baud[,][parity][,][databits][,][stopbits][,][retry]
MODE LPT#[:]=COMn [retry]
MODE CON[RATE=(number)][DELAY=(number)]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE PREPARE=(codepage list) [d:][path]filename
MODE (device) CODEPAGE SELECT=(codepage)
MODE (device) CODEPAGE [/STATUS]
MODE (device) CODEPAGE REFRESH
Sets mode of operation for devices or communications.
MORE (External)
MORE < (filename or command) (name)|MORE Sends output to console, one screen at a time. MOVE (Internal) MOVE [/Y|/-Y] [d:][path]filename[,[d:][path]filename[...]] destination Moves one or more files to the location you specify. Can also be used to rename directories. MSBACKUP (External) MSBACKUP [setupfile] [/BW|/LCD|/MDA] Used to backup or restore one or more files from one disk to another. NUMLOCK (Internal) NUMLOCK=on|off Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to specify the state of the NumLock key. PATH (Internal) PATH; PATH [d:]path[;][d:]path[...] Sets or displays directories that will be searched for programs not in the current directory. PAUSE (Internal) PAUSE [comment] Suspends execution of a batch file until a key is pressed. PRINT (External) PRINT [/B:(buffersize)] [/D:(device)] [/M:(maxtick)] [/Q:(value] [/S:(timeslice)][/U:(busytick)] [/C][/P][/T] [d:][path][filename] [...] Queues and prints data files. PROMPT (Internal) PROMPT [prompt text] [options] Changes the DOS command prompt. REM (Internal) REM [comment] Used in batch files and in the CONFIG.SYS file to insert remarks (that will not be acted on). RENAME (REN) (Internal) RENAME (REN) [d:][path]filename [d:][path]filename Changes the filename under which a file is stored. REPLACE (External) REPLACE [d:][path]filename [d:][path] [/A][/P][/R][/S][/U][/W] Replaces stored files with files of the same name from a different storage location. RESTORE (External) RESTORE d: [d:][path]filename [/P][/S][/B:mm-dd-yy] [/A:mm-dd-yy][/E:hh:mm:ss] [/L:hh:mm:ss] [/M][/N][/D] Restores to standard disk storage format files previously stored using the BACKUP command. RMDIR (RD) Internal) RMDIR (RD) [d:]path Removes a subdirectory. SCANDISK (External) SCANDISK [d: [d: . . .]|/all][/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/surface][/mono][/nosummay] SCANDISK volume-name[/checkonly|/autofix[/nosave]|/custom][/mono][/nosummary] SCANDISK /fragment [d:][path]filename SCANDISK /undo [undo-d:][/mono] Starts the Microsoft ScanDisk program which is a disk analysis and repair tool used to check a drive for errors and correct any problems that it finds. SHIFT (Internal) SHIFT Increases number of replaceable parameters to more than the standard ten for use in batch files. SORT (External) SORT [/R][/+n] < (filename) SORT [/R][/+n] > (filename2)
Sorts input and sends it to the screen or to a file.
SUBMENU (Internal)
SUBMENU=blockname, [menutext]
Used in the CONFIG.SYS file to create a multilevel menu from which you can select start-up options.
SUBST (External)
SUBST d: d:path
SUBST d: /D
Substitutes a virtual drive letter for a path designation.
SYS (External)
SYS [source] d:
Transfers the operating system files to another disk.
TIME (Internal)
TIME hh:mm[:ss][.cc][A|P]
Displays current time setting of system clock and provides a way for you to reset the time.
TREE (External)
TREE [d:][path] [/A][/F]
Displays directory paths and (optionally) files in each subdirectory.
TYPE (Internal)
TYPE [d:][path]filename
Displays the contents of a file.
UNDELETE (External)
UNDELETE [d:][path][filename] [/DT|/DS|/DOS]
UNDELETE [/list|/all|/purge[d:]|/status|/load|/U|/S[d:]|/Td:[-entries]]
Restores files deleted with the DELETE command.
UNFORMAT (External)
UNFORMAT d: [/J][/L][/test][/partn][/P][/U]
Used to undo the effects of formatting a disk.
VER (Internal)
VER
Displays the DOS version number.
VOL (Internal)
VOL [d:]
Displays a disk's volume label.
XCOPY (External)
XCOPY [d:][path]filename [d:][path][filename] [/A][/D:(date)] [/E][/M][/P][/S][/V][/W][Y\-Y]
Copies directories, subdirectories, and files.
Syntax Notes ---
To be functional, each DOS command must be entered in a particular way: this command entry structure is known as the command's "syntax." The syntax "notation" is a way to reproduce the command syntax in print.
For example, you can determine the items that are optional, by looking for information that is printed inside square brackets. The notation [d:], for example, indicates an optional drive designation. The command syntax, on the other hand, is how YOU enter the command to make it work.
Command Syntax Elements
1. Command Name
The DOS command name is the name you enter to start the DOS program (a few of the DOS commands can be entered using shortcut names). The DOS command name is always entered first. In this book, the command is usually printed in uppercase letters, but you can enter command names as either lowercase or uppercase or a mix of both.
2. Space
Always leave a space after the command name.
3. Drive Designation
The drive designation (abbreviated in this book as "d:") is an option for many DOS commands. However, some commands are not related to disk drives and therefore do not require a drive designation. Whenever you enter a DOS command that deals with disk drives and you are already working in the drive in question, you do not have to enter the drive designator. For example, if you are working in drive A (when the DOS prompt A> is showing at the left side of the screen) and you want to use the DIR command to display a directory listing of that same drive, you do not have to enter the drive designation. If you do not enter a drive designation, DOS always assumes you are referring to the drive you are currently working in (sometimes called the "default" drive).
4. A Colon
When referring to a drive in a DOS command, you must always follow the drive designator with a colon (:) (this is how DOS recognizes it as a drive designation).
5. Pathname
A pathname (path) refers to the path you want DOS to follow in order to act on the DOS command. As described in Chapter 3, it indicates the path from the current directory or subdirectory to the files that are to be acted upon.
6. Filename
A filename is the name of a file stored on disk. As described in Chapter 1, a filename can be of eight or fewer letters or other legal characters.
7. Filename Extension
A filename extension can follow the filename to further identify it. The extension follows a period and can be of three or fewer characters. A filename extension is not required.
8. Switches
Characters shown in a command syntax that are represented by a letter or number and preceded by a forward slash (for example, "/P") are command options (sometimes known as "switches"). Use of these options activate special operations as part of a DOS command's functions.
9. Brackets
Items enclosed in square brackets are optional; in other words, the command will work in its basic form without entering the information contained inside the brackets.
10. Ellipses
Ellipses (...) indicate that an item in a command syntax can be repeated as many times as needed.
11. Vertical Bar
When items are separated by a vertical bar (|), it means that you enter one of the separated items. For example: ON | OFF means that you can enter either ON or OFF, but not both
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